Diuretics, also known as water pills, are a type of medication used to increase urine production and decrease the amount of water and salt retained in the body. They are commonly prescribed to treat conditions such as high blood pressure, heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease. By reducing fluid retention in the body, diuretics can help to decrease swelling, lower blood pressure, and improve symptoms associated with these conditions. However, their use should be closely monitored by a healthcare professional, as they can cause electrolyte imbalances and other potential side effects.